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Microsoft GH-500 Exam Syllabus Topics:
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NEW QUESTION # 22
Which security feature shows a vulnerable dependency in a pull request?
- A. Dependabot alert
- B. Dependency graph
- C. Dependency review
- D. The repository's Security tab
Answer: C
Explanation:
Dependency review runs as part of a pull request and shows which dependencies are being added, removed, or changed - and highlights vulnerabilities associated with any added packages.
It works in real-time and is specifically designed for use during pull request workflows.
The dependency graph is an overview, Dependabot alerts notify post-merge, and the Security tab shows the aggregated alert list.
NEW QUESTION # 23
Which Dependabot configuration fields are required? (Each answer presents part of the solution. Choose three.)
- A. schedule.interval
- B. directory
- C. package-ecosystem
- D. milestone
- E. allow
Answer: A,B,C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
When configuring Dependabot via the dependabot.yml file, the following fields are mandatory for each update configuration:
directory: Specifies the location of the package manifest within the repository. This tells Dependabot where to look for dependency files.
package-ecosystem: Indicates the type of package manager (e.g., npm, pip, maven) used in the specified directory.
schedule.interval: Defines how frequently Dependabot checks for updates (e.g., daily, weekly). This ensures regular scanning for outdated or vulnerable dependencies.
The milestone field is optional and used for associating pull requests with milestones. The allow field is also optional and used to specify which dependencies to update.
GitLab
NEW QUESTION # 24
Which CodeQL query suite provides queries of lower severity than the default query suite?
- A. github/codeql-go/ql/src@main
- B. security-extended
- C. github/codeql/cpp/ql/src@main
Answer: B
Explanation:
The security-extended query suite includes additional CodeQL queries that detect lower severity issues than those in the default security-and-quality suite.
It's often used when projects want broader visibility into code hygiene and potential weak spots beyond critical vulnerabilities.
The other options listed are paths to language packs, not query suites themselves.
NEW QUESTION # 25
When using CodeQL, how does extraction for compiled languages work?
- A. By resolving dependencies to give an accurate representation of the codebase
- B. By generating one language at a time
- C. By monitoring the normal build process
- D. By running directly on the source code
Answer: C
Explanation:
For compiled languages, CodeQL performs extraction by monitoring the normal build process. This means it watches your usual build commands (like make, javac, or dotnet build) and extracts the relevant data from the actual build steps being executed. CodeQL uses this information to construct a semantic database of the application.
This approach ensures that CodeQL captures a precise, real-world representation of the code and its behavior as it is compiled, including platform-specific configurations or conditional logic used during build.
NEW QUESTION # 26
You are managing code scanning alerts for your repository. You receive an alert highlighting a problem with data flow. What do you click for additional context on the alert?
- A. Show paths
- B. Security
- C. Code scanning alerts
Answer: A
Explanation:
When dealing with a data flow issue in a code scanning alert, clicking on "Show paths" provides a detailed view of the data's journey through the code. This includes the source of the data, the path it takes, and where it ends up (the sink). This information is crucial for understanding how untrusted data might reach sensitive parts of your application and helps in identifying where to implement proper validation or sanitization.
NEW QUESTION # 27
When secret scanning detects a set of credentials on a public repository, what does GitHub do?
- A. It scans the contents of the commits for additional secrets.
- B. It notifies the service provider who issued the secret.
- C. It sends a notification to repository members.
- D. It displays a public alert in the Security tab of the repository.
Answer: B
Explanation:
When a public repository contains credentials that match known secret formats, GitHub will automatically notify the service provider that issued the secret. This process is known as "secret scanning partner notification". The provider may then revoke the secret or contact the user directly.
GitHub does not publicly display the alert and does not send internal repository notifications for public detections.
NEW QUESTION # 28
You have enabled security updates for a repository. When does GitHub mark a Dependabot alert as resolved for that repository?
- A. When you dismiss the Dependabot alert
- B. When you merge a pull request that contains a security update
- C. When the pull request checks are successful
- D. When Dependabot creates a pull request to update dependencies
Answer: B
Explanation:
A Dependabot alert is marked as resolved only after the related pull request is merged into the repository. This indicates that the vulnerable dependency has been officially replaced with a secure version in the active codebase.
Simply generating a PR or passing checks does not change the alert status; merging is the key step.
NEW QUESTION # 29
As a repository owner, you want to receive specific notifications, including security alerts, for an individual repository. Which repository notification setting should you use?
- A. All Activity
- B. Participating and @mentions
- C. Custom
- D. Ignore
Answer: C
Explanation:
Using the Custom setting allows you to subscribe to specific event types, such as Dependabot alerts or vulnerability notifications, without being overwhelmed by all repository activity. This is essential for repository maintainers who need fine-grained control over what kinds of events trigger notifications.
This setting is configurable per repository and allows users to stay aware of critical issues while minimizing notification noise.
NEW QUESTION # 30
What does code scanning do?
- A. It contacts maintainers to ask them to create security advisories if a vulnerability is found
- B. It prevents code pushes with vulnerabilities as a pre-receive hook
- C. It scans your entire Git history on branches present in your GitHub repository for any secrets
- D. It analyzes a GitHub repository to find security vulnerabilities
Answer: D
Explanation:
Code scanning is a static analysis feature that examines your source code to identify security vulnerabilities and coding errors. It runs either on every push, pull request, or a scheduled time depending on the workflow configuration.
It does not automatically contact maintainers, scan full Git history, or block pushes unless explicitly configured to do so.
NEW QUESTION # 31
Where can you view code scanning results from CodeQL analysis?
- A. A CodeQL database
- B. A CodeQL query pack
- C. The repository's code scanning alerts
- D. At Security advisories
Answer: C
Explanation:
All results from CodeQL analysis appear under the repository's code scanning alerts tab. This section is part of the Security tab and provides a list of all current, fixed, and dismissed alerts found by CodeQL.
A CodeQL database is used internally during scanning but does not display results. Query packs contain rules, not results. Security advisories are for published vulnerabilities, not per-repo findings.
NEW QUESTION # 32
A dependency has a known vulnerability. What does the warning message include?
- A. How many projects use these components
- B. A brief description of the vulnerability
- C. The security impact of these changes
- D. An easily understandable visualization of dependency change
Answer: B
Explanation:
When a vulnerability is detected, GitHub shows a warning that includes a brief description of the vulnerability. This typically covers the name of the CVE (if available), a short summary of the issue, severity level, and potential impact. The message also links to additional advisory data from the GitHub Advisory Database.
This helps developers understand the context and urgency of the vulnerability before applying the fix.
NEW QUESTION # 33
Which of the following is the best way to prevent developers from adding secrets to the repository?
- A. Create a CODEOWNERS file
- B. Make the repository public
- C. Configure a security manager
- D. Enable push protection
Answer: D
Explanation:
The best proactive control is push protection. It scans for secrets during a git push and blocks the commit before it enters the repository.
Other options (like CODEOWNERS or security managers) help with oversight but do not prevent secret leaks.
Making a repo public would increase the risk, not reduce it.
NEW QUESTION # 34
What is the first step you should take to fix an alert in secret scanning?
- A. Remove the secret in a commit to the main branch.
- B. Revoke the alert if the secret is still valid.
- C. Archive the repository.
- D. Update your dependencies.
Answer: B
Explanation:
The first step when you receive a secret scanning alert is to revoke the secret if it is still valid. This ensures the secret can no longer be used maliciously. Only after revoking it should you proceed to remove it from the code history and apply other mitigation steps.
Simply deleting the secret from the code does not remove the risk if it hasn't been revoked - especially since it may already be exposed in commit history.
NEW QUESTION # 35
What filter or sort settings can be used to prioritize the secret scanning alerts that present the most risk?
- A. Sort to display the oldest first
- B. Sort to display the newest first
- C. Select only the custom patterns
- D. Filter to display active secrets
Answer: D
Explanation:
The best way to prioritize secret scanning alerts is to filter by active secrets - these are secrets GitHub has confirmed are still valid and could be exploited. This allows security teams to focus on high-risk exposures that require immediate attention.
Sorting by time or filtering by custom patterns won't help with risk prioritization directly.
NEW QUESTION # 36
In a private repository, what minimum requirements does GitHub need to generate a dependency graph? (Each answer presents part of the solution. Choose two.)
- A. Dependency graph enabled at the organization level for all new private repositories
- B. Read-only access to all the repository's files
- C. Read-only access to the dependency manifest and lock files for a repository
- D. Write access to the dependency manifest and lock files for an enterprise
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
To generate a dependency graph for a private repository, GitHub requires:
Dependency graph enabled: The repository must have the dependency graph feature enabled. This can be configured at the organization level to apply to all new private repositories.
Access to manifest and lock files: GitHub needs read-only access to the repository's dependency manifest and lock files (e.g., package.json, requirements.txt) to identify and map dependencies.
NEW QUESTION # 37
Who can fix a code scanning alert on a private repository?
- A. Users who have the Triage role within the repository
- B. Users who have Read permissions within the repository
- C. Users who have the security manager role within the repository
- D. Users who have Write access to the repository
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
In private repositories, users with write access can fix code scanning alerts. They can do this by committing changes that address the issues identified by the code scanning tools. This level of access ensures that only trusted contributors can modify the code to resolve potential security vulnerabilities.
GitHub Docs
Users with read or triage roles do not have the necessary permissions to make code changes, and the security manager role is primarily focused on managing security settings rather than directly modifying code.
Reference:
GitHub Docs
NEW QUESTION # 38
When using CodeQL, what extension stores query suite definitions?
- A. .qll
- B. .yml
- C. .qls
- D. .ql
Answer: C
Explanation:
Query suite definitions in CodeQL are stored using the .qls file extension. A query suite defines a collection of queries to be run during an analysis and allows for grouping them based on categories like language, security relevance, or custom filters.
In contrast:
.ql files are individual queries.
.qll files are libraries used by .ql queries.
.yml is used for workflows, not query suites.
NEW QUESTION # 39
After investigating a code scanning alert related to injection, you determine that the input is properly sanitized using custom logic. What should be your next step?
- A. Ignore the alert.
- B. Dismiss the alert with the reason "false positive."
- C. Draft a pull request to update the open-source query.
- D. Open an issue in the CodeQL repository.
Answer: B
Explanation:
When you identify that a code scanning alert is a false positive-such as when your code uses a custom sanitization method not recognized by the analysis-you should dismiss the alert with the reason "false positive." This action helps improve the accuracy of future analyses and maintains the relevance of your security alerts.
As per GitHub's documentation:
"If you dismiss a CodeQL alert as a false positive result, for example because the code uses a sanitization library that isn't supported, consider contributing to the CodeQL repository and improving the analysis." By dismissing the alert appropriately, you ensure that your codebase's security alerts remain actionable and relevant.
NEW QUESTION # 40
What do you need to do before you can define a custom pattern for a repository?
- A. Add a secret scanning custom pattern.
- B. Enable secret scanning on the repository.
- C. Provide a regular expression for the format of your secret pattern.
- D. Provide match requirements for the secret format.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Stack Overflow
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
Before defining a custom pattern for secret scanning in a repository, you must enable secret scanning for that repository. Secret scanning must be active to utilize custom patterns, which allow you to define specific formats (using regular expressions) for secrets unique to your organization.
Once secret scanning is enabled, you can add custom patterns to detect and prevent the exposure of sensitive information tailored to your needs.
NEW QUESTION # 41
What is a prerequisite to define a custom pattern for a repository?
- A. Change the repository visibility to Internal
- B. Specify additional match criteria
- C. Close other secret scanning alerts
- D. Enable secret scanning
Answer: D
Explanation:
You must enable secret scanning before defining custom patterns. Secret scanning provides the foundational capability for detecting exposed credentials, and custom patterns build upon that by allowing organizations to specify their own regex-based patterns for secrets unique to their environment.
Without enabling secret scanning, GitHub will not process or apply custom patterns.
NEW QUESTION # 42
Where can you use CodeQL analysis for code scanning? (Each answer presents part of the solution. Choose two.)
- A. In a third-party Git repository
- B. In an external continuous integration (CI) system
- C. In a workflow
- D. In the Files changed tab of the pull request
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
In a workflow: GitHub Actions workflows are the most common place for CodeQL code scanning. The codeql-analysis.yml defines how the analysis runs and when it triggers.
In an external CI system: GitHub allows you to run CodeQL analysis outside of GitHub Actions. Once complete, the results can be uploaded using the upload-sarif action to make alerts visible in the repository.
You cannot run or trigger analysis from third-party repositories directly, and the Files changed tab in pull requests only shows diff - not analysis results.
NEW QUESTION # 43
How would you build your code within the CodeQL analysis workflow? (Each answer presents a complete solution. Choose two.)
- A. Use jobs.analyze.runs-on.
- B. Implement custom build steps.
- C. Upload compiled binaries.
- D. Use CodeQL's init action.
- E. Ignore paths.
- F. Use CodeQL's autobuild action.
Answer: B,F
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
When setting up CodeQL analysis for compiled languages, there are two primary methods to build your code:
GitHub Docs
Autobuild: CodeQL attempts to automatically build your codebase using the most likely build method. This is suitable for standard build processes.
GitHub Docs
Custom Build Steps: For complex or non-standard build processes, you can implement custom build steps by specifying explicit build commands in your workflow. This provides greater control over the build process.
GitHub Docs
The init action initializes the CodeQL analysis but does not build the code. The jobs.analyze.runs-on specifies the operating system for the runner but is not directly related to building the code. Uploading compiled binaries is not a method supported by CodeQL for analysis.
NEW QUESTION # 44
Which patterns are secret scanning validity checks available to?
- A. Push protection patterns
- B. High entropy strings
- C. Partner patterns
- D. Custom patterns
Answer: C
Explanation:
Validity checks - where GitHub verifies if a secret is still active - are available for partner patterns only. These are secrets issued by GitHub's trusted partners (like AWS, Slack, etc.) and have APIs for GitHub to validate token activity status.
Custom patterns and high entropy patterns do not support automated validity checks.
NEW QUESTION # 45
Which syntax in a query suite tells CodeQL to look for one or more specified .ql files?
- A. qlpack
- B. query
- C. qls
Answer: B
Explanation:
In a query suite (a .qls file), the **query** key is used to specify the paths to one or more .ql files that should be included in the suite.
Example:
- query: path/to/query.ql
qls is the file format.
qlpack is used for packaging queries, not in suite syntax.
NEW QUESTION # 46
Which of the following options are code scanning application programming interface (API) endpoints? (Each answer presents part of the solution. Choose two.)
- A. List all open code scanning alerts for the default branch
- B. Get a single code scanning alert
- C. Delete all open code scanning alerts
- D. Modify the severity of an open code scanning alert
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
The GitHub Code Scanning API includes endpoints that allow you to:
List alerts for a repository (filtered by branch, state, or tool) - useful for monitoring security over time.
Get a single alert by its ID to inspect its metadata, status, and locations in the code.
However, GitHub does not support modifying the severity of alerts via API - severity is defined by the scanning tool (e.g., CodeQL). Likewise, alerts cannot be deleted via the API; they are resolved by fixing the code or dismissing them manually.
NEW QUESTION # 47
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